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目的探讨妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)患病危险因素及其对妊娠结局的影响。方法选择2013年1月-2015年12月余杭区第一人民医院妇产科门诊及病房记录或收治入院的孕妇为研究对象,按照1∶2频数匹配方式分组,其中对照组为正常产妇124例,病例组为GDM产妇62例。对所有产妇进行问卷调查,将孕期可能引发GDM的危险因素进行比对分析,并对比两组患者最终妊娠结局差异。结果糖尿病家族史、妊娠期间进食水果多少、每日运动量>1 h、妊娠前BMI>24 kg/m~2、大学及以上学历、高血压病史、妊娠期间增重<15 kg等7个相关因素比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中妊娠期间增重<15 kg、妊娠期间每日运动量>1 h是降低GDM发病的保护因素;甜食摄入量大是GDM发病的危险因素(P<0.05)。对照组患者剖宫产、产后出血、胎膜早破及巨大儿的发病率均低于病例组,两组比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 GDM的发病与妊娠期体质量增重过多、进食甜食过量、运动较少相关,而血糖升高增加了产妇剖宫产、产后出血剖宫产、产后出血、巨大儿及新生儿肺透明病的风险。因此孕妇在妊娠期间应注意健康饮食、适当锻炼、控制体质量,以避免以上危险因素的发生,预防和减少妊娠糖尿病的发病。
Objective To investigate the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and its effect on pregnancy outcome. Methods From January 2013 to December 2015, Yuzhen District First People’s Hospital obstetrics and gynecology outpatient and ward records or hospitalized pregnant women as the research object, according to 1: 2 frequency matching mode group, in which the control group of normal mothers 124 cases , Cases of GDM maternal 62 cases. A questionnaire survey was conducted on all mothers to compare risk factors that may trigger GDM during pregnancy and to compare the difference of final pregnancy outcomes between the two groups. Results There were 7 related factors such as the family history of diabetes, the amount of fruit consumed during pregnancy, daily exercise amount> 1 h, BMI> 24 kg / m ~ 2 before pregnancy, college degree or above, history of hypertension, weight gain during pregnancy <15 kg The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Among them, weight gain during pregnancy <15 kg and daily exercise during pregnancy> 1 h were the protective factors in reducing the incidence of GDM. The high intake of sweet confectionery was the risk factor of GDM (P <0.05). The incidences of cesarean section, postpartum hemorrhage, premature rupture of membranes and macrosomia in control group were lower than those in case group. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusions The incidence of GDM is associated with excessive body weight gain during pregnancy, excessive consumption of confections and less exercise, while elevated blood glucose increases cesarean section, postpartum hemorrhage with cesarean section, postpartum hemorrhage, macrosomia and neonatal lung transparence Risk of disease. Therefore, pregnant women should pay attention to a healthy diet during pregnancy, appropriate exercise, control body mass, in order to avoid the above risk factors, prevent and reduce the incidence of gestational diabetes.