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跨断层的隧道工程在中国高烈度地震区已经越来越普遍。针对目前土木工程抗震设计规范对跨断层隧道的不适用性,通过振动台模型试验研究了隧道结构常规与新型抗减震措施在地震动力荷载作用下的响应特性和破坏机理。结果表明:断层滑动装置在单体模型箱中模拟断层滑动状况良好;套管式可变形结构的抗减震性能最好;减震层可以提高隧道结构整体的耐震性能;减震缝通过提高隧道结构纵向自由度而减轻震害。分析了隧道结构在地震中发生破坏的初始位置与破坏过程,揭示了各种抗减震措施的作用机理。最后,将地震烈度与隧道结构破坏过程相结合,提出了各种抗减震措施的适用条件。为研发新型隧道抗减震措施与隧道抗震设防提供参考。
Cross-fault tunneling has become increasingly common in China’s high-intensity earthquake zone. Aiming at the current non-fitness of seismic design code of civil engineering to cross-fault tunnel, the response characteristics and failure mechanism of conventional and new anti-seismic measures of tunnel under earthquake dynamic load were studied by shaking table model test. The results show that the fault sliding device can simulate fault slip well in the single model box, the casing type deformable structure has the best anti-shock performance, the shock-absorbing layer can improve the seismic performance of the whole tunnel structure, Longitudinal freedom of structure to reduce damage. The initial location and failure process of tunnel structure during the earthquake are analyzed, and the mechanism of various anti-shock measures is revealed. Finally, combining seismic intensity with the process of tunnel structural failure, various applicable conditions of anti-shock measures are proposed. It provides a reference for developing new tunnel anti-shock measures and seismic fortification of tunnels.