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1978年Todd首先报道了7例由金黄色葡萄球菌(简称金葡菌)感染引起的高热、皮疹、呕吐,腹泻以至严重休克的儿童患者,并命名为中毒性休克综合征(Toxik Shock Syndrome,TSS)。以后证明95%TSS发生于月经期使用阴道棉塞的青年妇女、产褥期、绝经后妇女以及男人,年长儿童亦可患本病。据Helms等(1981)报道美国亚特兰大城疾病控制中心从1970年至1981年收到符合TSS临床表现的病例共941份。TSS的年发病率约占行经妇女的2.4～6.2/10万,病死率为3.2～15%,目前TSS巳引起国外学者的广泛重视。本文就有关TSS病因学的初步探讨作一综述。
In 1978, Todd first reported seven children with fever, rash, vomiting, diarrhea and even severe shock caused by Staphylococcus aureus infection and named it as Toxik Shock Syndrome (TSS ). 95% TSS later proved to occur in the menstrual period of young women using vaginal tampons, puerperium, postmenopausal women and men, older children may also develop the disease. According to Helms et al. (1981), a total of 941 cases of TSS-conforming cases were received from Atlanta City Center for Disease Control from 1970 to 1981. The annual incidence of TSS accounts for 2.4-6.2 / 100000 of women and the case fatality rate is 3.2-15%. At present, TSS has drawn wide attention from foreign scholars. This article reviews the etiology of TSS.