现代外科学技术发展迅速，外科手术方式及治疗理念与日俱新，极大地提高了手术安全性及患者治疗效果。但是，无论外科技术发展到何种程度，正确、合理地选择与把控手术适应证始终是外科学的基本问题，也是外科医师职业生涯中的基本素养。外科医师应当严格把控外科手术适应证，提高理论知识和技术水平，避免不良因素干扰手术决策；敢于实施符合指征的高风险手术，强化医者责任感与使命感；合理选择外科手术方式，把握“传统开腹”和“腔镜微创”的平衡点；同时也要理性看待非外科手段的优势，注重学科交叉融合，为实施外科手术创造条件。唯有如此，方能不忘初心，最大程度上使患者从治疗中获益。“,”Modern surgical technology develops rapidly, and surgical methods and therapeutic ideas are changing constantly, which greatly improve the surgical safety and the therapeutic effect of patients. However, no matter how advanced the surgical techniques develop, correct and reasonable selection and control of surgical indications are always the basic issues of surgery, as well as the basic quality of surgeons throughout the career. Surgeons should strictly control surgical indications, improve the theoretical knowledge and technical level, and avoid adverse factors interfering with surgical decision-making; possess the courage to perform high-risk operations in accordance with the indications, strengthen doctors′ sense of responsibility and vocation; reasonably select surgical methods, grasp the balance between “conventional open surgery” and “laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery” ; and rationally view the advantages of non-surgical methods, pay attention to interdisciplinary integration to create conditions for the implementation of surgery. Only this can surgeons keep our original intention, and maximize the benefit of patients from the treatment.