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中华人民共和国成立后的最初几年里,翦伯赞致力于建立发展马克思主义新史学,表现出他对马克思主义史学的坚定与执着;1957年在反右运动中他对右派进行了批判,致力于捍卫历史学的科学性和尊严。一方面表现出他作为马克思主义史学家的一种学术自觉,另一方面表现出他对建国后形势的清楚判断,他知道必须不遗余力地宣传马克思主义,作为一名党员,作为一个身兼数职的重要人物,他必须紧跟当时的政治形势,必须坚持党性原则,所以他当时的批判或多或少地受到政治形势的影响;当然,到了60年代初期,在反思史学革命后出现的极左思潮时,他并没有完全受政治形势的影响,而是更多得从他自身作为马克思主义史学家的的一种学术自觉出发来纠正当时史学界的不良风气。以下分别从他建立新史学、反右运动中对右派的批判以及纠左努力三个方面来分析他的史学研究活动与当时政治形势的关系。
During the first few years after the founding of the People’s Republic of China, he devoted himself to establishing and developing the new Marxist historiography, showing his firmness and dedication to the Marxist historiography. In 1957, he criticized the rightists in the Anti-Rightist Movement To defend the science of history and dignity. On the one hand, he showed his academic consciousness as a Marxist historian and on the other hand showed his clear judgment on the situation after the founding of the People’s Republic. He knew that he must spare no efforts in promoting Marxism as a party member and as a cadre He must keep up with the political situation at that time and must uphold the principle of party spirit. Therefore, his critique of the time was more or less influenced by the political situation. Of course, in the early 1960s, after the introspection of the revolution in history, At the time of his thought, he was not completely influenced by the political situation. Instead, he had more to correct his unhealthy atmosphere in historiography from an academic self-consciousness of himself as a Marxist historian. The following separately from his establishment of new historiography, anti-rightist criticism of the right and rectifying efforts in three areas to analyze his historical activities and the current political situation.