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为探明不同穗型粳稻品种合理机插株行距配置、产量形成规律及其物质生产特征,以大穗型品种甬优2640、甬优8号,中穗型品种武运粳24号、宁粳3号和小穗型品种淮稻5号、淮稻10号为材料,研究了机插株行距对不同穗型粳稻品种产量、叶面积指数、光合势、物质生产与积累、群体生长率和净同化率的影响。结果表明:大穗型行距30cm机插,扩大株距,利于形成大穗而高产;中穗型2种行距机插平均产量相当,但行距30cm机插生育后期透风透光条件好,利于提高千粒重和结实率,产量潜力高;小穗型行距25cm机插显著增加穗数而高产。大穗型行距30cm机插抽穗、成熟期叶面积指数大,粒叶比高,叶面积衰减率低,抽穗期群体质量优,生育中后期光合势大、群体生长率和净同化率高,从而物质积累量高;中穗型行距30cm机插生物学产量略低,但收获指数高;小穗型行距25cm机插群体基本苗多,叶面积指数和光合势大,生育中后期群体生长率和净同化率高,物质积累量高。因此,大、中穗型宜采用行距30cm机插,小穗型宜采用行距25cm机插,并配套相应株距,能充分发挥不同穗型粳稻品种产量潜力。
In order to explore the arrangement of row spacing, yield formation law and material production characteristics of different genotypes of japonica rice with different panicle types, large-panicle varieties Yongyou 2640, Yongyou 8, middle ear type Wuyunjing 24, Ningjing 3 and spikelet type Huaiyao 5 and Huaiyao 10 were used to study the effects of row spacing on the yield, leaf area index, photosynthetic potential, material production and accumulation, population growth rate and net Effect of assimilation rate. The results showed that the large panicle spacing of 30cm could increase the plant spacing and lead to the formation of large panicles with high yield. The average yield of 2 panicles with medium panicle spacing was the same, however, Seed setting rate, high yield potential; spikelet spacing 25cm machine insert significantly increased spike number and high yield. Large panicle spacing of 30cm machine-inserted heading, leaf area index at maturity, high grain-leaf ratio, low rate of leaf area decay, population quality at heading stage, photosynthetic potential in the middle and late growth period, population growth rate and net assimilation rate But the harvest index was high. The spikelets with 25 cm spacing had the most basic shoots, leaf area index and photosynthetic potential, the growth rate in the middle and later stages of growth and High net assimilation rate and high material accumulation. Therefore, large, medium-spike type should adopt the line spacing 30cm machine insert, spikelet should adopt 25cm line spacing, and supporting the corresponding plant spacing, can give full play to different panicle type japonica rice yield potential.