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1986年以来,苏联开展了一场全民性的教改大讨论。1986年6月1日,苏联发表《高等和中等专业教育改革的基本方针》草案,广泛征求意见。据统计有1250万人参加了讨论,提出修改意见20多万条,直至1987年3月,这一文件才正式公布施行。今年2月,苏共中央全会专门讨论教育改革问题,利加乔夫在会上就1984年以来的苏联教育改革形势作了分析,全会通过了教育体制改革的新决定。本文仅就苏联教改大讨论中革新派的一些主张作一简介。 (1)在教育管理方面,应把行政命令性管理转到按教育科学规律进行管理;反对官僚主义、权力主义、形式主义,主张“鼓励性管理”,即协调人际关系,扩大基层的民主权利,实行校长选举制,强化学生自治
Since 1986, the Soviet Union has carried out a nationwide education reform debate. On June 1, 1986, the Soviet Union issued a draft “Basic Policy for Higher and Secondary Professional Education Reforms” and solicited opinions widely. According to statistics, 12.5 million people participated in the discussion and proposed more than 200,000 amendments. It was not until March 1987 that the document was formally announced. In February of this year, the Plenary Session of the Central Committee of the CPSU specifically discussed the issue of education reform. Ligachev analyzed the situation of Soviet education reform since 1984 and the Plenary adopted a new decision on the reform of the education system. This article only gives an introduction to some of the innovative ideas of the Soviet Union in the great debate on education reform. (1) In the aspect of education management, administrative imperative management should be transferred to the management of the scientific laws of education; oppose bureaucracy, powerism, and formalism, and advocate “incentive management”; that is, coordinate interpersonal relationships and expand grass-roots democratic rights. , implement the presidential election system and strengthen student self-government