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复杂运营环境下自然与人为因素所引发的众多隧道火灾已造成了重大的社会影响和经济损失。火灾已成为威胁隧道安全运营的主要灾害之一,其对隧道衬砌结构会产生严重的损伤乃至破坏。盾构衬砌为装配式结构,接缝多以螺栓连接,火灾高温下易发生管片爆裂和接缝连接薄弱部位受损而诱发的突然破坏;同时,由于盾构隧道周围地层的约束作用有限,其衬砌结构体系受火损坏后垮塌的风险极高。为提高软土地层环境下盾构隧道装配式衬砌结构体系的耐火能力及火灾安全性,本文调研了盾构隧道火灾安全研究现状,对与盾构隧道火灾安全研究相关的试验及理论分析工作做了较为全面的综述,主要包括:火灾高温下盾构隧道衬砌管片力学特性试验与理论分析模型,火灾高温下管片接缝力学特性试验与理论分析模型,火灾高温下盾构衬砌体系力学特性试验与理论分析模型,火灾高温下盾构隧道周围地层力学行为研究。在此基础上,针对大直径盾构隧道的火灾试验,高温引起的盾构衬砌管片材料性能劣化评价及主动式抗火管片的材料设计,火灾高温条件下盾构衬砌结构计算模型精细化这3个核心问题,展望了盾构衬砌受火灾影响的研究方向和思路。
Many tunnel fires caused by natural and man-made factors under complex operating conditions have caused significant social impacts and economic losses. Fire has become one of the major hazards threatening the safe operation of the tunnel, which will cause serious damage to the tunnel lining structure and even destroy it. The shield lining is an assembled structure, the joints are mostly bolted, and sudden rupture induced by the burst of the pipe burst and the weak connection of the joint at high temperature under fire is occurred. At the same time, due to the limited restraint effect of the strata around the shield tunnel, The risk of collapse of the lining structure system after fire is very high. In order to improve the fire resistance and fire safety of the shield tunnel assembly type lining structure system in the soft ground environment, this paper investigates the current situation of the research on the shield tunnel fire safety and analyzes the experimental and theoretical analysis related to the shield tunnel fire safety research The main contents are as follows: the mechanical characteristics test and theoretical analysis model of shield tunnel lining at high temperature under fire, the mechanical characteristics test and theoretical analysis model of joint at high temperature under fire, the mechanical characteristics of shield lining system under fire Experimental and theoretical analysis of the mechanical behavior of the stratum around a shield tunnel under fire at high temperature. On the basis of this, aiming at the fire test of shield tunnel with large diameter, the evaluation of material degradation of shield lining material caused by high temperature and the material design of active fireproof shield, the computational model of shield lining under high temperature The three core issues, the prospect of shield lining by the impact of the fire research directions and ideas.