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黑格尔提出了“城市=社会”而“乡村=自然”的哲学隐喻,把握了城市和乡村在社会化进度和程度上的差别。但黑格尔过于强调城乡差别而将农村被排除在社会化体系之外,这就致使其市民社会理论的圆融性大打折扣,也不符合现代世界农村城市化的潮流。马克思批判了黑格尔所继承的资产阶级的政治经济学方法论局限,其“乡村城市化”观点也构成对黑格尔城乡差别观点的超越。通过这种对比阅读,有助于我们理解当下中国城市化进程的本质及其必然性,同时警惕中国农村、农业现代化可能出现的问题。
Hegel put forward the philosophical metaphor of “city = society ” and “country = nature ”, grasping the difference between the progress and degree of socialization between city and country. However, Hegel’s emphasis on the differences between urban and rural areas and the exclusion of rural areas from the system of socialization led to a great reduction of the complexity of his civil society theory and to the trend of rural urbanization in the modern world. Marx criticized the limitations of political methodology of Hegel’s inherited bourgeoisie, and his “rural urbanization” view also constituted the transcendence of Hegel’s urban-rural differences. Reading this comparison helps us to understand the essence and inevitability of the current urbanization in China and at the same time be wary of problems that may arise in China’s rural areas and in agricultural modernization.