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目的 探讨高黏度骨水泥与普通骨水泥在经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebro-plasty,PVP)治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures,OVCF)中临床疗效的差异.方法 行PVP治疗的OVCF病例100例,将病人随机分为两组,高黏度组50例,使用高黏度骨水泥;对照组50例,使用普通骨水泥.记录病人基本资料,分别采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)和Oswestry功能障碍指数(oswestry disability index,ODI)对两组病人的疼痛及腰椎功能进行评估;通过X线片测量Cobb角,比较两组病人Cobb角的恢复情况,比较两组病人发生骨水泥渗漏及邻近椎体骨折等不良事件的发生率.结果 术前两组VAS评分和ODI比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后即刻、术后3天和6个月高黏度组和对照组VAS、ODI评分和Cobb角(VAS:2.5 ± 0.6,2.0 ± 0.9,1.8 ± 0.7;2.9 ± 0.7,2.4 ± 1.1,2.4 ± 0.5;ODI:33.2 ± 7.2,28.9 ± 6.5,25.1 ± 4.3;36.5 ± 6.9,32.7 ± 7.3,31.7 ± 7.6;Cobb角:14.1 ± 1.6,12.2 ± 1.3,11.7 ± 1.1;16.5 ± 1.4,15.3 ± 1.2,13.2 ± 0.9)较术前(8.6 ± 1.3,8.5 ± 1.4;71.6 ± 15.3, 73.1 ± 17.8;25.4 ± 1.9,25.2 ± 1.8)降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后相应时间点,高黏度组VAS、ODI评分和Cobb角显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);高黏度组和对照组骨水泥渗漏发生率分别为18%(9/50)和32%(16/50),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);高黏度组和对照组术后邻近椎体骨折发生率为分别为2%(1/50)和6%(3/50),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05).Immediately,3 days and 6 months after PVP,VAS,ODI and Cobb were reduced compared with baseline,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05),the corresponding time point after operation,VAS,ODI and Cobb of high-viscosity group were lower than the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).After PVP,the bone cement leakage rate were 18%(9/50)and 32%(16/50)in high-viscosity group and control group respectively(P <0.05).After PVP,the incidence of adjacent vertebral body fracturewere were 2%(1/50)and 6%(3/50) in high-viscosity group and control group respectively(P<0.05).Conclusion There are better clinical curative effect and less postoperative complications of OVCF patients treated with high-viscosity bone ce-ment in PVP.