提出了一种新型的光纤激光器———量子点光纤激光器(QDFL)。以CdSe/ZnS量子点作为激活增益介质,基于实验观测到的量子点的吸收和发射谱,建立了二能级系统的粒子数速率方程和光功率传播方程,并进行数值求解。应用遗传算法,以激光输出功率为目标函数,优化得到了QDFL的最佳掺杂浓度、光纤长度、出射镜反射率和抽运光波长。与传统的掺钕光纤激光器相比,QDFL掺杂的饱和浓度较低、光纤的饱和长度较短、抽运效率更高。当抽运功率为2W时,模拟计算得到的激光输出功率可达1.5W。通过多粒度掺杂,单波长的QDFL可发展为一种新型的多波长激光器。 A new kind of fiber laser, Quantum Dot Fiber Laser (QDFL), is proposed. Taking CdSe / ZnS QDs as the activation gain medium, based on the experimentally observed absorption and emission spectra of quantum dots, the particle number rate equation and optical power propagation equation of two-level system are established and numerically solved. The optimal doping concentration, fiber length, reflector reflectivity and pump wavelength of QDFL were optimized by using genetic algorithm and laser output power as objective function. Compared with the traditional neodymium-doped fiber laser, QDFL doped with lower saturation concentration, shorter fiber length, higher pumping efficiency. When the pumping power is 2W, the laser output power calculated by simulation can reach 1.5W. With multi-grain doping, a single wavelength QDFL can be developed as a new type of multi-wavelength laser.