[目的]从海南药用植物根际分离得到对淮山炭疽病具有拮抗活性的放线菌菌株,并对其分类地位进行鉴定。[方法]采用HV培养基从盾叶鸡蛋花根际土壤分离放线菌菌株;通过平板对峙培养和发酵代谢产物抑菌试验筛选活性放线菌;根据形态特征,结合16SrRNA基因序列分析鉴定活性放线菌的分类地位。[结果]从盾叶鸡蛋花的根际土壤分离到12株放线菌,筛选到1株对淮山炭疽病菌具有良好拮抗活性的菌株51173,菌株51173鉴定为链霉菌属Streptomyces violaceusniger 16S rRNA gene clade中的成员。[结论]放线菌菌株51173在淮山炭疽病菌的生物防治中将具有很好的开发应用前景。 [Objective] The actinomycete strains with antagonistic activity against anthracnose in yam were isolated from the rhizosphere of medicinal plant in Hainan, and their taxonomic status was identified. [Method] The actinomycete strains were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Aegilops flevoie by HV medium. The actinomycetes were screened by antagonistic culture of plate and bacteriostatic test of metabolites of fermentation. According to the morphological characteristics, 16SrRNA gene sequence analysis was used to identify the active release Strains of the taxonomic status. [Result] Twelve strains of actinomycetes were isolated from the rhizosphere soils of E. grandiflora and one strain 51173 with good antagonistic activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was screened. Strain 51173 was identified as Streptomyces violaceus niger 16S rRNA gene clade a member of. [Conclusion] Actinomycete strain 51173 will have a good development and application prospect in the biological control of anthracnose in.