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根据所用动词的不同,句子可归纳为5个基本类型。
1.主语+连系动词+表语。例如:
My mother is a doctor.
Her voice sounds nice.
2.主语+不及物动词。例如:
He runs fast
We study hard.
3.主语+及物动词+宾语。例如:
Children often sing this song.
He studies English.
1)常用-ing形式, 而不用不定式做宾语的动词有:enjoy, finish, feel like, consider, practise, keep, suggest, mind等。例如:
She enjoys reading novels and swimming.
I finished reading the book last night.
2)常用不定式,而不用-ing形式做宾语的动词有:wish, hope, agree, plan, decide, refuse等。例如:
Where do wish to sit?
Tom agreed to lend some money.
3)有些及物动词既可用不定式,又可用-ing形式做宾语,但意义不同。这类动词常见的有:remember, forget等。例如:
Please remember to post the letter for me.
I remember posting the letter.
stop的用法同上面的词相仿,不过stop后面跟不定式不是做宾语,而是做状语。试比较下列句子:
He stopped to smoke.
He stopped smoking.
4)有些及物动词的宾语,既可用不定式,又可用-ing形式,意义基本相同。这类动词常见的有:like, love, hate, begin, start, continue等。例如:
I like to swim in summer.
I like swimming in summer.
4.主语+及物动词+ 间接宾语+直接宾语。例如:
My father bought me a new bike.
He gave me an apple.
1)及物动词之后接双宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物。指人的为间接宾语,指物的为直接宾语。一般情况下,间接宾语在前,直接宾语在后。如果要把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后,间接宾语前须加介词。例如:
Please pass me a cup of tea.
= Please pass a cup of tea to me.
Show me your new book, please.
=Please show your new book to me.
2)把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后,间接宾前有时加介词to, 有时加介词for,这主要取决于谓语动词。一般在动词give, tell, sell, lend, show之后加to,在动词buy, make, get等之后加for。例如:
Would you lend me your dictionary, please?
=Would you lend your dictionary to me, please?
Tom’s mother bought him a pair of new shoes.
=Tom’s mother bought a pair of new shoes for him.
5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语。例如:
We keep our classroom clean and tidy.
I hear someone singing in the next room.
1)及物动词后接复合宾语,一个是宾语,一个是宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。例如:
We call him Jack.
Don’t get your hands dirty.
2)在及物动词之后,用不定式做宾语补足语和用-ing形式做宾语补足语表示的意思往往不同。用不定式做宾语补足语指事情的全过程;用-ing形式做宾语补足语指动作正在进行中。例如:
I heard him sing that song.
When I came back, I heard him singing in the room.
3)在感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, listen to, look at使役动词let, make, have等的复合宾语中,不定式须省去to。但变为被动句时,省去的to要加上。例如:
I saw him go into the room.
He was seen to go into the room.
1.主语+连系动词+表语。例如:
My mother is a doctor.
Her voice sounds nice.
2.主语+不及物动词。例如:
He runs fast
We study hard.
3.主语+及物动词+宾语。例如:
Children often sing this song.
He studies English.
1)常用-ing形式, 而不用不定式做宾语的动词有:enjoy, finish, feel like, consider, practise, keep, suggest, mind等。例如:
She enjoys reading novels and swimming.
I finished reading the book last night.
2)常用不定式,而不用-ing形式做宾语的动词有:wish, hope, agree, plan, decide, refuse等。例如:
Where do wish to sit?
Tom agreed to lend some money.
3)有些及物动词既可用不定式,又可用-ing形式做宾语,但意义不同。这类动词常见的有:remember, forget等。例如:
Please remember to post the letter for me.
I remember posting the letter.
stop的用法同上面的词相仿,不过stop后面跟不定式不是做宾语,而是做状语。试比较下列句子:
He stopped to smoke.
He stopped smoking.
4)有些及物动词的宾语,既可用不定式,又可用-ing形式,意义基本相同。这类动词常见的有:like, love, hate, begin, start, continue等。例如:
I like to swim in summer.
I like swimming in summer.
4.主语+及物动词+ 间接宾语+直接宾语。例如:
My father bought me a new bike.
He gave me an apple.
1)及物动词之后接双宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物。指人的为间接宾语,指物的为直接宾语。一般情况下,间接宾语在前,直接宾语在后。如果要把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后,间接宾语前须加介词。例如:
Please pass me a cup of tea.
= Please pass a cup of tea to me.
Show me your new book, please.
=Please show your new book to me.
2)把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后,间接宾前有时加介词to, 有时加介词for,这主要取决于谓语动词。一般在动词give, tell, sell, lend, show之后加to,在动词buy, make, get等之后加for。例如:
Would you lend me your dictionary, please?
=Would you lend your dictionary to me, please?
Tom’s mother bought him a pair of new shoes.
=Tom’s mother bought a pair of new shoes for him.
5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语。例如:
We keep our classroom clean and tidy.
I hear someone singing in the next room.
1)及物动词后接复合宾语,一个是宾语,一个是宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。例如:
We call him Jack.
Don’t get your hands dirty.
2)在及物动词之后,用不定式做宾语补足语和用-ing形式做宾语补足语表示的意思往往不同。用不定式做宾语补足语指事情的全过程;用-ing形式做宾语补足语指动作正在进行中。例如:
I heard him sing that song.
When I came back, I heard him singing in the room.
3)在感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, listen to, look at使役动词let, make, have等的复合宾语中,不定式须省去to。但变为被动句时,省去的to要加上。例如:
I saw him go into the room.
He was seen to go into the room.