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乙醇胺(包括单乙醇胺、二乙醇胺和三乙醇胺)是重要的化工原料,广泛应用于多种化工产品中。乙醇胺可通过呼吸道、消化道以及皮肤多种途径侵入人体,并产生危害。动物实验证明,过量乙醇胺对皮肤、黏膜具有刺激性,被机体吸收后,可致肝、肾损伤,但其致癌性、发育毒性尚不明确。在职业接触限值上,已有26个国家/地区(包括中国在内)制定了单乙醇胺的限值,但大部分国家/地区(包括中国)仍未制定二乙醇胺和三乙醇胺的限值。同时,由于缺乏相关的职业卫生学和职业流行病学调查资料,实际作业环境中乙醇胺暴露对工人健康的影响仍然不明确,现有限值的适用性仍有待评估。
Ethanolamines (including monoethanolamine, diethanolamine and triethanolamine) are important chemical raw materials and are widely used in many chemical products. Ethanolamine can invade the human body through the respiratory, digestive and skin pathways and cause harm. Animal experiments show that excess ethanolamine on the skin, mucous membrane is irritant, is absorbed by the body, can cause liver and kidney damage, but its carcinogenicity, developmental toxicity is not yet clear. Limitations of occupational exposure have been established for monoethanolamine in 26 countries (including China), but most countries (including China) have not established limits for diethanolamine and triethanolamine. In the meantime, due to the lack of relevant occupational hygiene and occupational epidemiological survey data, the impact of ethanolamine exposure on workers’ health in the actual working environment remains unclear. The applicability of the existing limits remains to be evaluated.