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目的 :从运动对红细胞生成与老化的影响 ,研究探讨运动训练对红细胞系统的作用。方法 :采用现代细胞生物学技术 ,测定红细胞老化参数膜磷脂酰丝氨酸 (PS)外翻率、网织红细胞计数和骨髓造血指数 (RMI)。结果 :与运动前安静时比较 ,一次高强度运动后即刻运动员的红细胞PS外翻率(1 89± 1 1 3 %vs 0 46± 0 2 1 % ,P <0 0 5 )、血红蛋白Hb(1 42± 7 8g/Lvs1 3 6 1± 7 6g/L ,P<0 0 5 )、网织红细胞计数RET(71×1 0 9± 1 8×1 0 9个/Lvs 61× 1 0 9± 1 2× 1 0 9个 /L ,P <0 0 5 )、未成熟网织红细胞百分率Ret(% ) (9 0 4± 2 75 %vs8 1 7± 2 0 5 % ,P <0 0 5 )和骨髓造血指数RMI(9 0 4± 2 88%vs7 74± 2 42 % ,P <0 0 5 )均明显升高 ;次晨 (运动后 1 8小时 )红细胞PS外翻率下降 ,但仍未恢复正常 ,RMI略微升高 ,血红蛋白水平有下降的趋势 ,但均无统计学意义。结论 :运动一方面可加快红细胞衰老 ,使红细胞破坏增多 ,另一方面可刺激骨髓血红细胞增生活跃。从运动对红细胞生成与破坏两方面的影响来看 ,运动增加了红细胞的更新。
Objective: To study the effect of exercise training on erythrocyte system from the effect of exercise on erythropoiesis and aging. Methods: The membrane turnover index, reticulocyte count and myeloid hematopoietic index (RMI) of the aging parameters of erythrocytes were determined by modern cell biology techniques. Results: Compared with those before exercise, the PS echogenic rate of erythrocytes in athletes was significantly higher than that in before exercise (1 89 ± 1 1 3% vs 0 46 ± 0 2 1%, P 0 05), hemoglobin Hb 1 42 ± 7 8g / Lvs1 361 ± 7 6g / L, P <0 05), reticulocyte count RET (71 × 109 ± 18 × 109 / Lvs 61 × 109 ± 1 2 × 109 / L, P <0.05), the percentage of immature reticulocytes Ret (%) (94.04 ± 75.5 vs 81.72%, P <0.05) Bone marrow hematopoietic index RMI (9 0 4 ± 2 88% vs 7 74 ± 2 42%, P 0 05) were significantly increased; second morning (18 hours after exercise) erythrocyte PS eversion rate decreased, but still not restored Normal, RMI slightly increased, hemoglobin levels have decreased, but no statistically significant. Conclusion: Exercise can accelerate the aging of erythrocytes on the one hand, increase the destruction of erythrocytes, on the other hand, it can stimulate the proliferation of bone marrow erythrocytes. Exercise from the two aspects of the formation and destruction of red blood cells, exercise increased the update of red blood cells.