近年,中国的大学日语教育方针不断发生变化,从培养语言能力逐渐发展为培养用日语应用能力。但是在语言应用能力养成的过程中谁都有可能出现表达错误的问题,有的从语法和用词上来看是正确的,但从跨文化交际的视角来看存在表意不自然、不符合日本人说话习惯等问题。这样的错误可视为语用失误。造成语用失误的原因主要是中日文化背景的不同。本文通过学生在会话过程中出现的错误例子,结合语用学的相关理论知识简析语用失误的原因,以期提高日语学习者的日语应用能力。 In recent years, Chinese university Japanese education has undergone constant changes in its educational approach, from developing language skills to cultivating students’ ability to use Japanese. However, in the process of developing linguistic competence, there is a possibility of mistakes in expression. Some are correct in terms of grammar and usage, but they are unnatural in terms of cross-cultural communication and do not conform to the standards of Japan People speak habits and other issues. Such a mistake can be regarded as a pragmatic failure. The main reason for the pragmatic failure is the difference in cultural background between China and Japan. This paper analyzes the reasons of pragmatic failure by the students’ mistakes in the process of conversation, combined with the relevant theoretical knowledge of pragmatics, in order to improve Japanese language ability of Japanese learners.