Objective To investigate the clinical features of chest wall tuberculosis and surgical treatment of chest wall tuberculosis. Methods Clinical data of the 157 patients with chest wall tuberculosis who were treated (including 15 cases with recurrence)from July 2003 to June 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. Results All patients were cured after surgery. All patients were pathologically confirmed chest wall tuberculosis. 2 cases after 2 weeks (before discharge)tuberculosis of the chest wall recurrence after surgery were cured in time by reoperation; 5 patients had skin necrosis incision, with MEBO Burn Ointment dressing healed after treatment. All patients were followed up for 10 months to 6 years no case of recurrence. Conclusion The clinical features of chest wall tuberculosis is latent, polymorphism, and surgical treatment is the effective treatment. Chest Wall Tuberculosis by surgical operation is not atypical surgery -the lack of uniform standards, before and after surgery must be regular, effective and full course of anti-tuberculosis, in surgery completely removed lesions, eliminated potential lacunar and proper postoperative management, these are the key to successful operations and to avoid recurrence of tuberculosis lesions.