目的探讨砷、铝、铅、镉、汞、锂6种具潜在毒性微量元素与燃煤污染型地方性砷中毒的关系。方法选择贵州省兴仁交乐病区砷暴露者(包括病区非病人及轻、中、重度患者)139例为暴露组,距病区约13 km非砷污染村34名村民为对照组;电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定燃煤、土壤、大米、玉米、辣椒、头发、尿液和血液中上述6种元素含量。结果病区燃煤、土壤、玉米和辣椒中砷含量分别为4.894、146.551、0.522和1.440 mg/kg,土壤中铝、镉、锂含量分别为4.510、8.895和65.778 mg/kg,均高于对照区(P<0.05或P<0.01);暴露组头发中砷、铝、铅、镉、锂含量分别为1.985、63.201、3.323、0.115和0.201μg/g,尿砷含量为149.593μg/g Cr,均高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);尿铅含量为44.039μg/g Cr,低于对照组(P<0.01);发砷、尿砷、发铝、发铅、发镉、发锂、尿铅与病情发展的相关系数分别为0.361、0.340、0.414、0.168、0.332、0.292和-0.279(P<0.05或P<0.01);发铝、发铅、发镉与发砷的相关系数分别为0.229、0.367和0.352(P<0.01)。结论除砷外,病区土壤中铝、镉、锂含量偏高,暴露组发铝、镉、锂变化与环境变化趋势一致,且与病情发展有一定联系;病区环境中铅含量未见改变,但暴露组发铅升高,尿铅降低,砷暴露可能是抑制铅排泄的原因之一。 Aim To investigate the relationship between the potential toxic trace elements of 6 kinds of arsenic, aluminum, lead, cadmium, mercury and lithium and endemic arsenic poisoning caused by coal combustion. Methods A total of 139 arsenic-exposed patients (including non-patient and non-arsenic-contaminated patients) from Xingrenli District of Guizhou Province were enrolled as the control group. Determination of six elements in coal, soil, rice, corn, pepper, hair, urine and blood by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Results The contents of arsenic in coal, soil, corn and pepper in ward were 4.894, 146.551, 0.522 and 1.440 mg / kg, respectively. The contents of aluminum, cadmium and lithium in soil were 4.510, 8.895 and 65.778 mg / kg, The contents of arsenic, aluminum, lead, cadmium and lithium were 1.985,63.201,3.323,0.115 and 0.201μg / g in the hair of the exposed group, and the urinary arsenic content was 149.593μg / g Cr in the exposed area of ​​the exposed group (P <0.05 or P <0.01) (P <0.05 or P <0.01). The content of lead in urine was 44.039 μg / g Cr, which was lower than that in the control group (P <0.01) Correlation coefficients of lithium, urine lead and disease development were 0.361,0.340,0.414,0.168,0.332,0.292 and -0.279 respectively (P <0.05 or P <0.01). The correlation coefficients of aluminum, lead, cadmium and arsenic were significant The coefficients were 0.229, 0.377 and 0.352, respectively (P <0.01). Conclusion Except arsenic, the contents of aluminum, cadmium and lithium are higher in the affected area than in arsenic. The changes of aluminum, cadmium and lithium in the exposed area are consistent with the changes of the environment, and have some connection with the development of the disease. The contents of lead in the ward have not changed , But lead exposure in the exposed group increased, urinary lead decreased, arsenic exposure may be one of the reasons that inhibit lead excretion.