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在电流变液发明后的70余年中,学者们相继提出了纤维理论、“水桥”理论、双电层理论和介电理论等传统理论模型.然而,力学性能较差,严重制约了电流变液的工程化应用.近几年,随着巨电流变液和极性型电流变液等低场高屈服强度的新型电流变液的发明,电流变液屈服强度均超过了100 k Pa,电流变液迎来了一个新的工业化应用契机.但是,电流变液的沉降性及再分散性等基础性和应用性问题仍然制约了其广泛应用.本文回顾了电流变液的成分、宏观性质、微观机制及其应用的发展,重点分析了巨电流变效应及其在智能微流控中的研究.总结了电流变液的研究现状及未来发展方向,其中对电流变液稳定性和服役与失效的研究将成为未来研究的主要方向.随着上述问题的解决完善将加速电流变液的工业化进程.
In the more than 70 years after the invention of electrorheological fluid, scholars have put forward the traditional theoretical models such as fiber theory, water bridge theory, electric double layer theory and dielectric theory, etc. However, the mechanical properties are poor and severely restricted In recent years, with the invention of new electrorheological fluid with low field high yield strength, such as giant electrorheological fluid and polar electrorheological fluid, the yield strength of ER fluid exceeds 100 kPa , The electrorheological fluid usher in a new industrial application of the opportunity.However, the rheological fluid redispersibility and other basic and application problems still restrict its wide application.This paper reviews the composition of electrorheological fluids, macroscopic Properties, micromechanisms and their applications, the research on the electrorheological effect and its application in smart microfluidics are emphatically analyzed, and the research status and future development of electrorheological fluids are summarized, in which the stability and serviceability of electrorheological fluid With the failure of the research will become the main direction of future research.With the improvement of the above problems will accelerate the industrialization process of ER fluids.