第一次世界大战中使用的飞机以及它后来的发展,对苏联提出了研制一个有效的防空系统的的要求。苏联人用现成的武器（机枪和大炮）来回答新的威胁。 为使这些武器有效,苏联人研制了一种战区观察员和侦察站的系统。这些站提供预警,并把入侵飞机的消息传递给火控中心。一旦发现飞机,机枪手和炮兵指挥官就从指挥地面作 The aircraft used during the First World War and its subsequent development proposed to the Soviet Union the need to develop an effective air defense system. Soviet people used ready-made weapons (machine guns and cannons) to answer new threats. To make these weapons effective, the Soviets developed a system of theater observers and reconnaissance stations. The stations provided early warning and relayed information about the aircraft to the fire control center. Once found, the aircraft gunners and artillery commanders commanded from the ground