目的　探讨干扰素治疗前后 ,慢性乙型肝炎患者的血清学和肝组织学变化。方法　于干扰素治疗前 1周内和治疗后 1周内 ,取 2 4例慢性乙型肝炎患者的血清和肝脏活检组织 ,检测其血清ALT、HBsAg、HBcAg、HBeAg、HBVDNA和金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂 1(TIMP 1) ,评价肝组织学活动指数 ,检测肝脏中的HBsAg、HBcAg、HBeAg、活化的肝脏星状细胞 (HSC)和TIMP 1。 结果　治疗后 ,9/ 2 4 (37.5 % )的患者发生了应答反应。与治疗前相比 ,干扰素治疗后慢性乙型肝炎患者血清中的HBVDNA明显下降 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,血清中的TIMP 1、肝脏的组织学活动指数 (HAI)、HBcAg、HBeAg、活化的HSC和TIMP 1均有明显下降 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　干扰素治疗慢性乙型肝炎患者 ,可以抑制病毒复制 ,减少肝组织中病毒抗原表达 ,减少血清和肝组织中的TIMP 1,减少肝脏中活化的HSC数量。 Objective To investigate the serological and histological changes of patients with chronic hepatitis B before and after interferon treatment. Methods Serum and liver biopsies from 24 chronic hepatitis B patients were collected within 1 week before and 1 week after treatment with interferon and serum ALT, HBsAg, HBcAg, HBeAg, HBVDNA and metalloproteinase inhibitors 1 (TIMP 1), and the liver histological activity index was evaluated to detect HBsAg, HBcAg, HBeAg, activated hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and TIMP 1 in the liver. Results After treatment, 9/2 4 (37.5%) of patients responded to the response. HBVDNA in serum of patients with chronic hepatitis B after interferon treatment was significantly lower than that before treatment (P <0.05), TIMP 1 in serum, histological activity index (HAI) of liver, HBcAg, HBeAg, Activated HSC and TIMP 1 were significantly decreased (P <0. 05). Conclusion Interferon treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B can inhibit viral replication, reduce viral antigen expression in liver tissue, reduce TIMP-1 in serum and liver tissue, and reduce the number of activated HSCs in the liver.