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本文对《朱子语类》中的“从”字介宾结构进行了全面研究,并对介词“从”的起源及功能演变进行了探讨。本文认为,《朱子语类》乃至近代汉语时期中,介词“从”的功能比现代汉语丰富复杂,主要有:引介处所、时间、对象和依据,不是单一功能的介词,但《朱子》时期已有定型为引介始发处专用介词的趋势。引介处所的“VP+从+NP(+去/来)”结构带有闽方言特征。“从”在春秋时期由动词语法化成介词,具体演变是:由“跟随”义动词发展出“经由”义动词,再语法化成引介经由处、始发处及所在处等用法的介词,方向和终到处功能由介词“向”功能类推而来;时间功能由空间功能经隐喻机制推衍而来;对象、依据功能来源于起点功能。语义变化、句法变化、认知心理及功能类推是介词“从”演变发展的主要机制。
In this paper, a comprehensive study of the “” from “” in the Zhuzi language category is carried out, and the origin and functional evolution of the preposition “from ” are discussed. This paper argues that the preposition “from ” is more complex and complicated than modern Chinese in Zhu ’s class and even in modern Chinese. The prepositions, mainly including: introducing the place, time, object and basis, are not prepositions of single function, The period has been stereotyped as a preferential place to introduce special prepositions. Introduced the place “VP + from + NP (+ to / come) ” structure with Min dialect features. “From ” in the Spring and Autumn Period by the verb grammaticalization into preposition, the specific evolution is: from the “follow” “verb to develop” “via ” verb, and then into a grammar by the origin, origin and location The prepositions, directions, and final functions of the usage are derived from the preposition “to ” functions; the functions of time are derived from spatial functions through the metaphorical mechanism; and the objects are derived from the functions of starting points. Semantic changes, syntactic changes, cognitive psychology, and functional analogies are the main mechanisms by which the preposition “evolves ” from ".