A good teacher neither frightens nor continually criticizes their class. Rather， they have positive relationships built on expectation， and clearly set out classroom rules. Carefully chosen words of praise are more effective than a confrontational （对抗性的） shouting match. You will notice that the best teachers have well controlled classes but appear to do little directly to make them obedient （服从的）； they very rarely shout. The students appear to know what is expected of them. They can be humorous and light-hearted yet the students do not take advantage； they hardly resort to（诉诸） formal school punishments. In fact， they always work hard on this and it is a skill that you will gain by experience. Some useful pointers that might help are listed below：
　　Try to always appear confident even if it is not true. Be direct and make sure that you direct the students to do what YOU want.
　　Give clear instructions as to what you expect of them. It is often a sound investment （投资） to spend the first lesson writing out what the rules of the room are and how to set out work and when it is handed in etc. In class， use discussion to get these rules so that the students effectively arrive at them themselves. Why do we need these rules？ What are our objectives this year/term—spell them out clearly then the students know where they are going.
　　Insist on good standards of manners， and language. Even if they never learn anything about your subject， make sure that they at least leave with good manners—this has nothing to do with IQ！ Get them to raise their hands and ask permission （许可） to stand up， go to the toilet etc. Pick them up for not using please or thank you， poor language etc. Insist on them moving in an orderly fashion in the room and out of it.
　　Insist on good presentation of work （underlining with a ruler， each piece of work has a title， date and is ruled off etc.）.
　　A really important rule inside the classroom is to insist that students raise their hands. Tell them during discussion time to put up their hands， ignore （忽略） calling out.
　　Use names rather than punishment—difficult at first， but knowing their names is a key goal， either seat them alphabetically（按字母顺序地）or give them badges （标记）.
　　Use praise for obedience for rules. Students do like praise and respond well when it is given， if this is not overdone.
　　If possible， have them line up in single file in silence outside the room with the bags off their shoulders. They walk into the room in silence and either stand at their desk and wait or get their equipment out and wait for the start of the lesson. They might as well start in an orderly fashion. 　　Insist that latecomers apologize to you and the class. If there is a problem， try not to disturb the lesson， don’t start shouting， come to the student at a later time in the lesson when the class is on task.
　　Never seek confrontation. Only punish when you know the full story， e.g. a child may be late as a relative has died. If you are not sure about a story， check it out. With the best will in the world there will be times when criticism is suitable， acceptable and necessary. Make sure that you are criticizing the bad thing and not the person， e.g. “that was a silly thing to do”， rather than simply “you are a stupid person”. Try to save the shouting for when you really need it； otherwise they’ll just ignore you， and always keep self control. Every one needs to shout some times， but it will have more effect if you don’t do it often and it reminds them that you can have a terrible side if needed. Try to avoid public criticism.
　　Another tip is to suggest what should be done rather than what should not， e.g. “listen to the instructions carefully so that you know what to do” is more effective than “ I’m not going to repeat this again”.
　　（Can you share your experience in class disciplines with us？）