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目的了解开平市2011年接触职业病危害因素在岗职工的健康状况,分析存在的主要职业病危害因素及解决措施。方法根据职业健康监护技术规范的要求对不同职业的在岗工人进行职业健康监护检查。结果 2 665名接触职业病危害因素在岗职工中,共检出1项或1项以上阳性病例368人,阳性检出率为13.81%;阳性检出率最高的分别是肺纹理增多(7.39%)、血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)活力增加(4.05%)、听阈异常(2.40%)、高血压(2.36%)和肺结核(2.08%);接触职业病危害因素主要是粉尘、噪声和苯化物,共检出疑似职业病7例。其中疑似尘肺病6例,阳性率为0.78%;噪声性耳聋1例,阳性率为0.24%;检出职业禁忌证25例,其中不适从事粉尘接触作业8例,占所检人数1.04%;不适宜从事接触噪声作业12例,占所检人数2.88%;不适宜从事接触苯系化物作业5例,占所检人数4.81%。结论开平市接触职业病危害因素在岗职工的健康状况不容乐观,该市职业病防治工作面临严峻考验。应加强《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》宣传的力度,建立有效企业和监管部门职业病防治问责制度,重点做好职业病一级、二级预防工作。
Objective To understand the health status of workers exposed to occupational hazards in Kaiping City in 2011 and analyze the main occupational hazards and their solutions. Methods According to the requirements of occupational health monitoring technical specifications, occupational health monitoring of workers in different occupations was conducted. RESULTS: A total of 2 665 workers were exposed to occupational hazards. Among them, 368 were positive for one or more positive cases, the positive rate was 13.81%. The highest positive rates were lung texture (7.39%), Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity increased (4.05%), abnormal hearing threshold (2.40%), hypertension (2.36%) and tuberculosis (2.08%); occupational hazards were mainly dust, noise and benzene Seven cases of suspected occupational diseases. Among them, 6 cases were suspected pneumoconiosis, the positive rate was 0.78%; 1 case of noise-induced deafness, the positive rate was 0.24%; 25 cases of occupational contraindications were detected, of which 8 cases were engaged in dust contact work, accounting for 1.04% Appropriate to engage in contact noise operation in 12 cases, accounting for 2.88% of the number of seized; not suitable for exposure to benzene compounds 5 cases, accounting for 4.81% of the number of seized. Conclusion The health status of workers exposed to occupational hazards in Kaiping City is not optimistic. The prevention and control of occupational diseases in this city is facing a severe test. The “Law of the People’s Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases” should be strengthened to establish an accountability system for prevention and control of occupational diseases in effective enterprises and supervisory departments, with a focus on prevention of occupational diseases at the first and second levels.