25年以前,铁幕(Iron Curtain)将欧洲大陆一分为二,导致各个国家在政治、经济、卫生等方面存在显著差异。1989年11月9日,柏林墙的倒塌标志着铁幕时代的终结。1990年,东德在政治、经济、社会保障与医疗卫生体制方面与西德进行整合,之后东德居民的期望寿命显著增加,健康状况得到较大改善。然而,20世纪90年代末,德国东西部之间的死亡率仍存在显著差异。1990—2012年,东部地区的 Twenty-five years ago, the Iron Curtain split the European continent into two parts, leading to significant differences in the political, economic, and health dimensions of each country. November 9, 1989, the fall of the Berlin Wall marks the end of the Iron Curtain era. In 1990, East Germany integrated West Germany with its political, economic, social security and health systems. After that, the life expectancy of East German residents increased significantly and their health conditions improved significantly. However, there was still a significant difference in mortality rates between eastern and western Germany in the late 1990s. 1990-2012, Eastern Region