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目的调查中国近几年城乡和不同地区间出生体质量及相关影响因素,为婴幼儿健康保健提供依据。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,在江苏、黑龙江、内蒙古、甘肃及贵州5个省份抽取17 094例2006-2008年出生的婴幼儿,调查其出生体质量及相关影响因素。采用无序多分类资料多元Logistic回归进行多因素分析。结果低出生体质量率为2.85%,高出生体质量率为10.75%,农村低出生体质量率(4.05%)高于城市(1.94%),而城市高出生体质量率(12.20%)高于农村(8.83%)。不同地区间,甘肃临夏低出生体质量率最高(8.11%),内蒙古通辽高出生体质量率最高(15.70%)。体质量平均值为(3.344±0.486)kg,农村平均体质量(3.262±0.496)kg,比城市(3.406±0.469)kg低0.143 kg(95%CI:-0.158~-0.128)。不同地区间平均体质量不同(P<0.001),黑龙江哈尔滨最高(3.455 kg),甘肃临夏最低(2.991 kg),两者相差0.464 kg(95%CI:-0.494~-0.433)。经多元Logistic回归分析后发现,相对于甘肃临夏,其他地区婴幼儿低出生体质量儿发生风险降低64.7%~79.7%,其中内蒙古地区下降最多(79.7%);而婴幼儿高出生体质量发生风险增高,为甘肃临夏的5.357~9.715倍,内蒙古地区风险增高最多(9.715倍)。结论不同地区间低出生体质量及高出生体质量发生率存在差异,且这种差异独立于传统影响因素而存在。
Objective To investigate the birth weight and related factors in urban and rural areas and different regions of China in recent years and provide the basis for health care of infants and children. Methods A total of 17 094 infants born from 2006 to 2008 were collected from 5 provinces of Jiangsu, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Gansu and Guizhou provinces using multi-stage cluster random sampling method to investigate their birth weight and related factors. Multivariate analysis was conducted using multivariate Logistic regression with disordered multi-classification data. Results Low birth weight rate was 2.85%, high birth weight rate was 10.75%, rural low birth weight rate (4.05%) was higher than urban (1.94%), while urban high birth weight rate (12.20%) was higher than Rural (8.83%). In different regions, the lowest birth weight was the highest (8.11%) in Linxia, and the highest birth weight was 15.70% in Tongliao, Inner Mongolia. The average body weight was (3.344 ± 0.486) kg, and the rural average body weight was (3.262 ± 0.496) kg, 0.143 kg (95% CI: -0.158 ~ -0.128) lower than the city (3.406 ± 0.469) kg. The average body mass was different in different regions (P <0.001). The highest in Harbin (3.455 kg) in Heilongjiang and the lowest in Gansu (2.991 kg) were 0.464 kg (95% CI: -0.494-0.433). Logistic regression analysis showed that the incidence of low birth weight infants in other regions was 64.7% -79.7% lower than that in Linxia of Gansu Province, with the highest reduction in Inner Mongolia (79.7%); while the high birth weight infants and young children were at risk Increased 5.357 ~ 9.715 times that of Linxia in Gansu Province, and the risk increased most in Inner Mongolia (9.715 times). Conclusion The incidence of low birth weight and high birth weight is different in different regions, and this difference exists independently of the traditional influencing factors.