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本文在新经济地理学框架下分析了出口、外资流入等对外开放因素通过扩大国内外市场规模、促进资本积累和技术外溢推动产业区域集聚的机理以及对不同地区产出的影响。使用1995-2009年的省级面板数据进行检验,结果表明,出口与外资流入是促进我国产业区域集聚的重要因素,其中外资流入对产业集聚及地区总产出增长的正向作用十分显著,而出口对各地区产出份额的提高却表现出负向影响。各省市的海外市场接近度指标在促进产业区域集聚和地区产出增长中也起了积极作用,但内部市场潜力指标没有通过“国内市场效应”对产业集聚产生有利影响。因此,各地区(尤其是中西部地区)在扩大对外开放的过程中应适时加大外资引进力度,鼓励国内外资本进入有发展潜力的部门,以促进优势产业的集聚和出口结构的优化。同时,要充分发挥内部市场潜力和内需在产业集聚和产出增长中的主要作用。
Under the framework of new economic geography, this paper analyzes the mechanism of the opening-up of foreign investment and other open-door factors such as expanding domestic and international market size, promoting capital accumulation and technology spillover, and promoting industrial agglomeration and its impact on output in different regions. The test using provincial panel data from 1995 to 2009 shows that the inflow of exports and foreign capital is an important factor to promote the industrial agglomeration in our country. Among them, the inflow of foreign capital has a significant positive effect on industrial agglomeration and regional total output growth. Exports have shown a negative impact on the increase in the share of output in all regions. The closeness index of overseas markets of various provinces and cities also played an active role in promoting industrial agglomeration and regional output growth. However, the internal market potential indicators did not have a positive impact on industrial agglomeration through the “domestic market effect”. Therefore, all regions (especially the central and western regions) should step up efforts in attracting foreign investment during the process of opening up to the outside world and encourage domestic and foreign capitals to enter the sectors with potential for development so as to promote the concentration of advantageous industries and the optimization of export structures. At the same time, it is necessary to give full play to the potential of the domestic market and the major role of domestic demand in industrial agglomeration and output growth.