In order to investigate the relationship between the endometrial receptivity and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1,-3 (TIMP-1,-3) in the endometrium, we used early pregnant mice as the animal model and studied the expression of MMP-2, TIMP-1,-3 in the endometrium in relation to the number of implantation sites after RU486 treatment. The results indicated that RU486 could significantly inhibit embryo implantation and change the expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-1,-3 in a dose-dependent pattern. When the mice were treated with 12 mg/kg RU486, there were a few embryos implanted as compared with the control. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase MMP-2 was low during the period of "implantation window", while the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase in the endometrial cells was high, suggesting that the activity of the proteolytic enzyme was strictly controlled by its inhibitors. After RU486 treatment, the generation of TIMP-1,3 was decreased while the MMP-2 was significantly increased, indicating that the normal balance between the activators and their inhibitors in the tissue was broken and the extracellular matrix was excessively degraded, subsequently the embryo implantation was inhibited. Therefore, it is suggested that the anti-implantation effect of RU486 may be mediated by MMPs and their inhibitors TIMPs.