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目的了解环境限制对南昌市居民吸烟、戒烟意愿和戒烟尝试的影响,为有关部门制定有效的控烟措施提供依据。方法采用多阶段整群抽样方法,于2013年11月20日至12月20日选取南昌市城区居民为调查对象,由调查员入户访谈,共抽取2 500户家庭,成功访谈2 282人。采用SPSS 17.0统计软件下的复查抽样模块进行率的χ2检验。结果现在吸烟率为22.5%;戒烟意愿率为10.1%;戒烟尝试率为21.8%。不同人口学特征与现在吸烟率有关,与现在吸烟者的戒烟意愿和戒烟尝试无关。家中有吸烟限制能有效减少现在吸烟率和提高现在吸烟者的戒烟意愿率。工作场所与公共场所的吸烟规定对吸烟行为均没有影响。医务工作者的戒烟建议、控烟广告和卷烟包装上的健康警示等均不能促使现在吸烟者产生戒烟意愿和进行戒烟尝试。结论有效利用家庭吸烟限制对吸烟行为的影响来控制烟草的流行,同时尽快出台控烟方面的法律法规,加强医务工作者的戒烟服务能力,加大媒体有关吸烟有害健康的宣传力度。
Objective To understand the impact of environmental restrictions on smoking, smoking cessation intention and smoking cessation attempts among residents in Nanchang City, and provide evidences for effective tobacco control measures in relevant departments. Methods A multistage cluster sampling method was adopted. From November 20 to December 20, 2013, residents of Nanchang City were selected as survey respondents. Investigators interviewed a total of 2 500 families and successfully interviewed 2 282 people. SPSS 17.0 statistical software using the sampling module under the review of χ2 test. Results The current smoking rate was 22.5%, the willingness to quit smoking was 10.1%, and the smoking cessation rate was 21.8%. Different demographic characteristics are related to current smoking rates, and have nothing to do with current smokers’ willingness to quit and quit smoking attempts. Smoking restrictions at home can effectively reduce the current smoking rate and increase the current smokers’ willingness to quit smoking. Smoking regulations in the workplace and in public places have no effect on smoking behavior. Cessation advice by medical workers, tobacco control advertisements and health warnings on cigarette packages, etc., can not prompt current smokers to give up smoking cessation and quit smoking attempts. Conclusions The effective use of household smoking restrictions on smoking behavior to control the tobacco epidemic, as soon as possible the introduction of tobacco control laws and regulations, to enhance medical workers quit smoking service capacity, increase the media on smoking harmful to health publicity.