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1.“综合能力”及其“综合”的三种基本类型。所谓“综合能力”,是指有意识地运用两种或两种以上学科的知识观和方法论去考察和探究一个中心主题或问题的能力。“综合”有三种基本类型。即:“学科本位综合”、“社会本位综合”和“经验本位综合”。“学科本位综合”核心主要源于学科,它试图打破或超越各学科自身固有的逻辑,形成一种把不同学科内容有机整合为一体的新的逻辑。“社会本位综合”是指以源于社会生活的问题为整合的核心,其目的是使学习者适应或改进当代社会生活。“经验本位综合”是指以学习者的直接经验、学习者的需要和动机、学习者的兴趣和心理发展为整合的核心,其目的是促进学习者的经验增长和人格发展。
1. The three basic types of “comprehensive ability” and its “integration”. The so-called “comprehensive ability” refers to the ability to consciously use two or more disciplines of knowledge and methodology to examine and explore a central theme or problem. There are three basic types of “integration.” Namely: “Synthesis of Subject Standards”, “Social Standard Synthesis” and “Integration of Experience Standards”. The core of the “discipline-based synthesis” mainly originates from the disciplines. It tries to break or surpass the inherent logic of each discipline and form a new logic that organically integrates the contents of different disciplines. “Social standard synthesis” refers to the core of the integration of problems originating from social life. Its purpose is to enable learners to adapt or improve contemporary social life. The “empirical-orientation-integration” refers to the core of the integration based on the learner’s direct experience, learners’ needs and motivation, learner’s interests, and psychological development. Its purpose is to promote learner’s experience growth and personality development.