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“文学是人学。人民群众是主人,是动力,这是就整体而言的。但就个人而言,他们都是普通人,因此,出现在文学作品中的人民群众,在多数情况下都是、而且必然是表现普通人物的生活命运、要求利益和悲欢离合。”[1]普通人物实际上就是边缘人物、小人物。他们既不是英雄,也不是坏人,性格难分善恶,生活平平淡淡,芸芸人生,是生活的主体。在沈从文与卡夫卡的作品中,我们看到远离社会主流地位的普通人物成为他们描写的主要对象。从审美特征来看,
“Literature is humanity.” The masses of people are the masters, the motive force, and this is the whole. However, as individuals, they are all ordinary people. Therefore, the masses of people appearing in literary works, under most circumstances Both are, and must necessarily, represent the life and destiny of ordinary people, requiring interests and joys and sorrows. "[1] Ordinary people are in fact marginalized people and small people. They are neither heroes nor bad people, their characters are hard-won, their lives are mediocre, their life is the main body of their lives. In the works of Shen Congwen and Kafka, we see that ordinary people who are away from the mainstream of society become the main targets of their description. From the aesthetic characteristics of view,