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利用黑河流域13个气象站建站至2012年3—5月降水量资料和黑河莺落峡水文站流量资料,分析了黑河流域春季降水的基本气候特征;通过EOF、REOF、Morlet小波变换等方法,对黑河流域春季降水的时空特性进行了研究;用Mann-Kendall检验法检验黑河流域春季降水序列是否存在突变现象。结果表明:黑河流域春季降水空间分布极不均匀,其空间分布特征是南部为多雨区、北部为少雨区。黑河流域春季降水在第一空间尺度上为全区一致,在第二空间尺度上可分为2个自然气候区,在第三空间尺度上可分为3个自然气候区。从年代际变化来看,21世纪最初10年是近半个世纪来降水最多的10年,20世纪70年代是降水最少的10年;黑河流域春季降水的年际变率十分显著,降水最多的年份是最少年份的6倍多。1961—2012年间河西走廊春季降水发生了明显的突变:2001年出现了一次趋于增多的突变。最显著的周期是4年的短周期、14年和22年的长周期。黑河流域春季各月降水与黑河流量均呈正相关,尤其是春季各月降水滞后1个月的相关和5月份降水的同期相关性显著;春季气温与黑河流量也均呈正相关,特别是春季各月气温的同期相关和3月气温滞后1个月的相关性显著,说明黑河流量的增加取决于前期降水量的增加和同期气候的明显变暖。
Based on the precipitation data of 13 weather stations in Heihe River Basin from March to May, 2012 and the flow data of Yingluoxia Hydrometric Station in Heihe River Basin, the basic climate characteristics of spring precipitation in Heihe River Basin are analyzed. By means of EOF, REOF and Morlet wavelet transform, The spatio-temporal characteristics of spring precipitation in the Heihe River Basin were studied. Mann-Kendall test was used to test the spring precipitation sequence in the Heihe River Basin. The results show that the spatial distribution of spring precipitation in Heihe River Basin is extremely uneven. Its spatial distribution is characterized by rainy areas in the south and little rainy areas in the north. The spring precipitation in the Heihe River basin is consistent with the whole region on the first spatial scale, and can be divided into two natural climatic zones on the second spatial scale and three natural climatic zones on the third spatial scale. From the decadal changes, the first 10 years of the 21st century is the decade with the highest precipitation in nearly half a century, and the lowest rainfall is 10 years in the 1970s. The interannual variability of spring precipitation in the Heihe River Basin is significant with the highest precipitation Year is more than 6 times the minimum number of years. The spring precipitation in Hexi Corridor during 1961-2012 witnessed a remarkable mutation: a sudden increase occurred in 2001. The most significant periods are 4-year short period, 14- and 22-year long periods. The monthly precipitation in Heihe River Basin is positively correlated with the Heihe River flow in spring, especially the correlation between precipitation lag of one month in each month of spring and precipitation in May of the same period. The spring air temperature is also positively correlated with the flow of Heihe River, especially in the spring months Correlations of temperature over the same period and 1 month of March lag were significant, which shows that the increase of Heihe flow depends on the increase of pre-precipitation and the significant warming of the same period.