在工业化过程中，政府扮演了重要的角色。政府在工业化中的作用，主要表现在对内、对外两个方面。中国一百多年工业化历程及其政府的作用，大致可以分为三个阶段。在上述三个阶段，在不同的基础和条件下，政府扮演了不同的角色，其作用和结果也自然不同。本文主要分析政府的国有企业政策与工业化的关系；政治体制和吏治的好坏对政府作用的制约；政府经济职能转变的前途和条件 In the process of industrialization, the government plays an important role. The government’s role in industrialization is mainly manifested in its internal and external aspects. China’s one hundred years of industrialization and the role of its government can be roughly divided into three stages. In these three stages, the government plays a different role under different foundations and conditions, and its role and result are naturally different. This paper mainly analyzes the relationship between government’s state-owned enterprises policy and industrialization, the restriction of the government system by the quality of the political system and the official administration, the future and conditions for the transformation of the government’s economic functions