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目的:了解小儿先天性外耳畸形的临床听力学特点。方法:将110例先天性外耳畸形患儿分为耳廓畸形加外耳道完全闭锁畸形(闭锁组),耳廓畸形加外耳道狭窄(狭窄组)和仅耳廓畸形,外耳道及鼓膜正常(仅耳廓畸形组)3组。患侧耳和健侧耳均进行听性脑干诱发电位(ABR)测试,健侧耳及外耳道狭窄的患儿还进行畸变产物耳声发射和鼓室导抗测试。结果:闭锁组94例(101耳)中,79耳(78.22%)ABR表现为重度异常;健侧87耳中,8耳(9.20%)ABR表现为中、重度异常。狭窄组8例(8耳)中,5耳(62.50%)ABR表现为重度异常;对侧健耳中ABR未出现中、重度异常。仅耳廓畸形组8例(9耳)中,4耳(44.44%)ABR表现为重度异常;对侧健耳中ABR未出现中、重度异常。结论:先天性外耳畸形是导致小儿听力障碍的重要影响因素,并存在听觉神经损害。
Objective: To understand the clinical hearing characteristics of children with congenital auricular deformity. Methods: One hundred and ten children with congenital auricular malformation were divided into auricle deformity and complete atresia of external auditory canal (atresia group), auricle deformity plus external auditory canal stenosis (stenosis group) and auricle deformity only, normal external ear canal and tympanic membrane Deformity group) 3 groups. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) was tested in both affected and healthy ears. Distortion otoacoustic emissions and tympanic tests were also performed in children with contralateral and external auditory canal stenosis. Results: Among the 94 patients (101 ears), ABR showed severe abnormalities in 79 ears (78.22%). Among the 87 ears, the ABR in 8 ears (9.20%) showed moderate and severe abnormalities. ABR of 5 ears (62.50%) showed severe abnormalities in 8 cases (8 ears) of stenosis group, but no abnormalities of ABR in contralateral healthy ears. In only 8 cases (9 ears) of auricle deformity group, ABR of 4 ears (44.44%) showed severe abnormalities. There was no moderate or severe ABR in contralateral ear. CONCLUSION: Congenital auricular malformation is an important influencing factor in children with hearing impairment, and there is auditory nerve damage.