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以山东省苹果园土壤基础地力调查、农户肥料投入量调查和统计数据为基础,采用磷盈余法从区域角度分析了山东省胶东、鲁中南和鲁西南苹果产区果园生产体系中土壤磷素输入输出特点、磷养分盈余和土壤磷环境负荷风险。结果表明,山东省苹果园磷肥平均投入量(P_2O_5,下同)为676.17kg·hm~(-2),其中无机化肥投入的磷为477.36 kg·hm~(-2),占总投入的比例高达70.60%。不同产区间磷素投入存在显著差异,磷投入量以胶东苹果产区最高,为776.52 kg·hm~(-2),其中无机化肥带入的磷占总投入的69.14%,为3个产区最低;鲁西南苹果产区磷投入量最低,为348.90 kg·hm~(-2),但无机化肥带入的磷占总投入的比例最高(82.95%)。山东省97.82%的苹果园磷素处于盈余状态,平均盈余量为407.45 kg·hm~(-2),其中胶东苹果产区最高(615.62 kg·hm~(-2))、鲁中南苹果产区次之(342.81 kg·hm~(-2)),鲁西南苹果产区最低(263.92 kg·hm~(-2))。胶东、鲁中南和鲁西南苹果产区苹果园土壤Olsen-P含量高于风险阈值(50mg·kg~(-1))的样本比例分别为67.34%、40.51%和19.13%。整体来看,山东苹果园土壤Olsen-P含量超过风险阈值的样本比例高达56.69%,高于临界值的样本土壤Olsen-P平均含量为108.34 mg·kg~(-1),是土壤磷淋失环境风险临界值的2.17倍。
Based on the investigation of soil basic force of apple orchard in Shandong Province and the survey of input amount of farmers’ fertilizers and the statistic data, the phosphorus surplus method was used to analyze the input of soil phosphorus in the apple orchard production system in the apple producing areas of Shandong Province, Jiaodong, Output characteristics, phosphorus nutrient surplus and soil phosphorus environmental load risk. The results showed that the average input of P fertilizer in apple orchard in Shandong Province was 676.17 kg · hm -2, and the phosphorus input by inorganic fertilizers was 477.36 kg · hm -2, accounting for the proportion of total input Up to 70.60%. There was a significant difference in phosphorus input among different producing areas. Phosphorus input was the highest in the apple producing area of Jiaodong, 776.52 kg · hm -2, of which phosphorus from inorganic fertilizers accounted for 69.14% of total input and 3 products The area with the lowest phosphorus input was 348.90 kg · hm -2 in the apple production area in southwestern Shandong Province, but the highest proportion (82.95%) of phosphorus input by inorganic fertilizers was in total. The phosphorus content of 97.82% apple orchard in Shandong Province was in a surplus state, with an average surplus of 407.45 kg · hm -2, of which, the highest yield was 615.62 kg · hm -2 in Jiaodong apple producing area, (342.81 kg · hm -2) followed by the lowest in the southwest of Shandong Province (263.92 kg · hm -2). The proportion of samples with Olsen-P content higher than the risk threshold (50 mg · kg -1) in the apple orchard of apple-growing areas in south Shandong, central Shandong, south Shandong and south Shandong was 67.34%, 40.51% and 19.13% respectively. As a whole, the percentage of Olsen-P content in the apple orchard soils above the risk threshold was as high as 56.69%, and the average content of Olsen-P in the soils above the critical value was 108.34 mg · kg -1, 2.17 times the critical value of environmental risk.