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作为胰岛的主要构成细胞,β细胞具有可兴奋性且对葡萄糖十分敏感,对于血糖稳态的维持起着独特的作用,而电压门控钙通道(CaV通道)在这一过程中更是处于中心地位。除了控制胰岛素分泌之外,CaV通道还影响着β细胞的发育、生长与存活。来自对糖尿病易感或已患糖尿病动物模型的β细胞均表现出CaV通道性质和数量的改变。生理范围内,β细胞CaV通道活性和(或)密度的上调将导致胰岛素分泌的增加和更为有效的血糖稳态。同样,CaV通道活性和(或)密度的下调将导致胰岛素分泌减少和糖耐量受损,这与某些2型糖尿病的发病有关。本文就钙通道对β细胞胰岛素分泌的调节作用进行综述。
Being the main constitutive cell of islets, beta cells are excitable and glucose-sensitive, and play a unique role in the maintenance of blood glucose homeostasis. The voltage-gated calcium channel (CaV channel) is more central in this process status. In addition to controlling insulin secretion, CaV channels also affect beta cell development, growth and survival. Beta cells from animal models of diabetes susceptibility or diabetes mellitus exhibit changes in the nature and amount of CaV channels. Physiologically, upregulation of beta cell CaV channel activity and / or density will result in increased insulin secretion and more effective glycemic homeostasis. Similarly, downregulation of CaV channel activity and / or density will lead to diminished insulin secretion and impaired glucose tolerance, which is associated with the onset of certain type 2 diabetes. This article reviews the role of calcium channels in the regulation of beta-cell insulin secretion.