端粒是真核生物染色体的天然末端,由端粒DNA和端粒蛋白质组成,具有维持染色体结构完整性和稳定性的作用,与肿瘤和衰老相关性疾病关系密切。在调节端粒长度的诸多因素中,端粒酶至关重要。许多蛋白质组分有利于端粒复制和端粒长度稳定性之间的平衡,参与保持端粒长度稳定。它们通过分别与端粒和端粒酶的特异性结合发挥作用。其中比较重要的有TRF1和TRF2两种。本文就端粒的结构、功能、调控以及检测方法作一简要综述。 Telomeres are the natural ends of eukaryotic chromosomes composed of telomeric DNA and telomeric proteins, which have the function of maintaining the structural integrity and stability of chromosomes and are closely related to tumor and aging-related diseases. Among the many factors that regulate telomere length, telomerase is crucial. Many protein components favor the balance between telomere replication and telomere length stability, involved in maintaining telomere length stability. They function through specific binding to telomeres and telomerase, respectively. One of the more important are TRF1 and TRF2 two. In this paper, a brief review on the structure, function, regulation and detection of telomere is made.