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国有大中型企业是国民经济的命脉,在整个经济中占据着主导地位,起着极其重要的作用。当前,在建立社会主义市场经济体制的过程中,如何进一步深化国有企业改革,使之形成新的优势。则是摆在企业经营者和管理者面前的紧迫课题,值得积极探索和认真思考。 一、国有企业继续发展面临的问题和原因 自党的十一届三中全会以来,随着经济体制改革的不断深入,国有企业的改革与发展取得了令人瞩目的成就。通过简政放权,减税让利,推行经济责任制,利改税和实行企业承包经营责任制四个阶段的改革,大大改善了国有企业的经营状况,增强了市场竞争力,从而调动了职工的积极性,充分发挥了国有大中型企业的作用。在这方面,广州陈李济药厂的不断发展就是一个很好的例证。比如,通过改革和加强管理,该企业在1980年至1991年的10年间,工业总产值、销售收入、利润都比改革开放前有了较大幅度的提高,年增长率分别为26％、22％和24％;“八五”期间,又连续两年跨入全国 500家最佳经济效益工业企业和全国同行20强的行列。 但是,国有企业要适应市场经济的发展要求,形成新的优势,重振雄风,仍然面临着一些亟待解决的深层次问题,如:政企不分、企业产权不明晰、自主权不落实、自我约束机制不健全,等等。那么,国有企业经济增长的质量和效?
Large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises are the lifeblood of the national economy and occupy a dominant position in the economy as a whole. They play an extremely important role. At present, in the process of establishing a socialist market economic system, how to further deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises to create new advantages. It is an urgent task for business managers and managers. It is worth exploring and thinking hard. I. Problems and Reasons for the Continued Development of State-owned Enterprises Since the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee, with the deepening of economic restructuring, remarkable achievements have been made in the reform and development of state-owned enterprises. The four-stage reform through simple government decentralization, tax concessions, implementation of the economic responsibility system, tax reform and implementation of the system of contractual management of enterprises has greatly improved the operating conditions of state-owned enterprises and enhanced their market competitiveness, thereby mobilizing the workers’ Enthusiasm, give full play to the role of state-owned large and medium-sized enterprises. In this regard, the continuous development of Guangzhou Chen Li Ji pharmaceutical factory is a good example. For example, through reform and strengthening management, during the 10 years from 1980 to 1991, the gross industrial output value, sales revenue and profit of the enterprise have risen substantially compared with that before the reform and opening up, with annual growth rates of 26% and 22% respectively % And 24% respectively. During the “Eighth Five-Year Plan” period, it also entered the ranks of the top 500 economically-sound industrial enterprises and top 20 national counterparts in the country for two consecutive years. However, to meet the requirements of market economy development, form new advantages and revitalize the state-owned enterprises, the state-owned enterprises still face some deep-rooted problems to be solved urgently, such as: no separation of government and enterprises, unclear property rights of enterprises, non-implementation of autonomy, Constraint mechanism is not perfect, and so on. Then, the quality and effectiveness of the economic growth of state-owned enterprises