自传研究在西方上世纪70年代开始兴盛,掀起既是自传写作又是批评研究的高潮,成为当今的显学。自传一般被认为是居于史学和文学之间的一个门类,有的史学家称它为“非常规历史”(Unconventional History),原因在于人们会先入地假定自传书写总是基于生命历史的可检验的事实,这也的确印证了对自传的研究比如伏尔泰,其实是带着一种人类意识的发展历史的眼光来看待自传的。(1)不过,当 Autobiographical studies began to flourish in the late 1970s in the West, setting off the culmination of both autobiographical writing and critical research, becoming today’s significant learning. Autobiography is generally regarded as a category between historiography and literature, and some historians call it “Unconventional History” because people presumably assume that autobiographical writing is always based on the history of life The fact of testing also confirms that the research on autobiography, such as Voltaire, actually refers to autobiography with a history of the development of human consciousness. (1) However, when