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寨卡病毒于1947年被发现,既往认为该病毒主要在亚洲、欧洲、非洲流行,然而在2015年,该病毒传播至美洲,首先在巴西暴发,随后蔓延至美洲绝大部分国家。该病毒是一种黄病毒,可分为亚洲型与非洲型。大部分寨卡病毒感染者为无症状感染,但是寨卡病毒具有嗜神经性和致畸作用,可诱发成人Guillain-Barre综合征和新生儿小头畸形。蚊媒传播是该病毒的主要传播方式,此外,该病毒还可通过血液传播、性传播和母婴传播。目前,寨卡病毒最有效的防控方法是控制伊蚊,尚无针对寨卡病毒的疫苗上市。
The Zika virus was discovered in 1947 and was previously thought to have prevailed in Asia, Europe and Africa. However, in 2015 the virus spread to the Americas, first in Brazil and later in most of the Americas. The virus is a flavivirus, can be divided into Asian and African type. Most Zika virus infections are asymptomatic, but Zika virus has neurocognitive and teratogenic effects and can induce adult Guillain-Barre syndrome and neonatal microcephaly. Mosquito-borne transmission is the main mode of transmission of the virus, in addition, the virus can also be transmitted by blood, sexual transmission and mother-to-child transmission. Currently, the most effective way to prevent and control Zika virus is controlling Aedes mosquitoes, and no vaccine against Zika virus is available yet.