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目的:了解2011-2014年来余姚市居民在养犬习惯、犬伤后处置、狂犬病知晓方面的变化,为评估风险、强化狂犬病防制提供依据。方法:2014年采用分层整群抽样法,在2011年调查地抽取相同样本量,用相同方法进行入户复调查,并结合全市犬伤门诊的监测点调查数据,用SPSS 18.0及Excel 2003软件进行描述性统计分析。结果:调查结果显示:按户养犬率(20.40%)、犬密度(23.77只/100户)均升高,犬免疫率(61.43%)仍较低,农村犬密度较高,丈亭镇犬密度升高明显;犬伤率(2.99%)、Ⅲ级暴露构成比(67.65%)、疫苗全程接种率(91.18%)均升高,伤口规范处理率(65.97%)仍较低,河姆渡镇、丈亭镇犬伤率升高明显;居民狂犬病总知晓率(77.71%)升高。监测点调查显示全市犬伤率呈下降趋势,疫苗接种率较高,免疫球蛋白使用率较低。结论:近年来余姚市养犬仍以农村地区为主,个别农村地区养犬增加明显;犬伤后接种疫苗依从性较好,但免疫球蛋白使用情况较差,存在处理伤口欠规范等问题;应重点加强农村犬只管理、提高犬免疫率,有针对性地进行宣教并加强犬伤门诊规范化建设。
OBJECTIVE: To understand the changes of residents in Yuyao during the period from 2011 to 2014 in dogs’ habits, dog’s disposition and rabies awareness, and provide the basis for assessing risks and strengthening rabies prevention. Methods: The stratified cluster sampling method was adopted in 2014, the same sample size was extracted from the survey sites in 2011, and the same method was used for household multi-survey. Combined with the investigation data of the monitoring points in the dog’s outpatient clinic, SPSS 18.0 and Excel 2003 software Descriptive statistical analysis. Results: The results showed that the dog-bearing rate (20.40%) and canine density (23.77 / 100) were all increased, the canine immunization rate was still low (61.43%) and the dog density was higher in rural areas (2.99%), Ⅲ (67.65%), vaccination coverage (91.18%) were all increased, and the treatment rate of wounds was still low (65.97%). Hemudu Town, Zhangtingzhen dogs increased significantly; rate of total awareness of resident rabies (77.71%) increased. Monitoring point survey showed that the city’s dog’s wounded rate showed a downward trend, vaccination rate is higher, lower immunoglobulin usage. Conclusion: In recent years, the dog raising in Yuyao City is still mainly in rural areas. The dog raising in some rural areas increased significantly. The vaccination compliance in dogs was better, but the use of immunoglobulin was poor. Should focus on strengthening the management of dogs in rural areas to improve the immune rate of dogs, targeted education and strengthen the standardization of dog out-patient construction.