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地下水应急水源地作为非常规水源,其开采应该掌握一定的限度,长期超采必然引发区域性地下水枯竭和地面沉降等地质灾害问题。本文以冲洪积扇型应急水源地为例,提出了地下水开采极限与安全水位的概念。以北京马池口应急水源地为例,分析了开采极限的影响因素,提出了安全水位的确定方法与计算公式。结果表明,马池口应急水源地安全水位埋深,山前地区为103.5m、影响半径范围内为50m。以此为约束条件,基于马池口应急水源地的地下水流三维数值模型,预测了应急水源地的可采量及其开采年限,结果为以12.5×10~4m~3/d能持续开采2年或以9×10~4m~3/d持续开采5年。
As an unconventional source of groundwater, the exploitation of groundwater should have certain limits. Long-term over-exploitation will inevitably lead to geological hazards such as regional groundwater depletion and land subsidence. Taking the alluvial fan-type emergency water source as an example, the paper puts forward the concept of groundwater exploitation limit and safe water level. Taking the example of emergency water source in Machi Pass, Beijing, the paper analyzes the influencing factors of the mining limit and puts forward the method and formula to determine the safe water level. The results show that the safe water level of emergency water source is buried at marsh mouth, the area before piedmont is 103.5m and the affected area is 50m. Based on the three-dimensional numerical model of groundwater flow in the emergency water source of Ma-Chi-Mau, this paper predicts the recoverable amount and the mining life of emergency water source. The result is that it can be continuously mined at 12.5 × 10 ~ 4m ~ 3 / d for 2 years Or continuous mining 9 × 10 ~ 4m ~ 3 / d for 5 years.