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甾体性激素包括雄激素、雌激素和孕激素三类。口服避孕药由人工合成的雌激素和孕激素两大类组成,应用方法有合并式和序贯式两种,国内常用合并式。其中雌激素类常用的有乙炔雌二醇(Ethinylestradiol,EE)和乙炔雌二醇三甲醚(Mestranol)两种,口服EE其半衰期约52小时,Mestranol半衰期约40～60小时,Mestranol口服后转变为EE。人工合成的孕激素和四种亲代化合物(即睾丸酮、19去甲睾酮、17α羟孕酮及孕酮本身)的结构有关,起初常用的是19去甲睾衍化物,即异炔诺酮(Northynodrel)和炔诺酮(Norethindrone)两种;但近来较注意于羟孕酮衍化物的选用,常用的有三
Steroid hormones, including androgens, estrogen and progestin three categories. Oral contraceptives by synthetic estrogen and progesterone two major components, the application of a merger and sequential two, commonly used domestic merger. Among them, estrogens are commonly used as ethinylestradiol (EE) and ethinylestradiol (Mestranol). Their oral half-life is about 52 hours and the half-life of Mestranol is about 40 to 60 hours. After oral administration, Mestranol transforms to EE. Synthetic progestins are related to the structure of the four parental compounds, testosterone, 19-nortestosterone, 17-hydroxy-progesterone and progesterone itself, initially being 19 demethylated derivatives, namely Northynodrel ) And norethindrone (Norethindrone) two; but more recently pay attention to the selection of hydroxyprogesterone derivatives, commonly used in three