目的比较脐血干细胞与自体外周血干细胞移植对治疗肝硬化腹水患者的效果。方法选择有肝硬化腹水的慢性重症肝病34例,分为脐血干细胞移植治疗组(CBSCT组)19名,自体外周血干细胞移植治疗组(APB-SCT组)15名。比较2组患者在移植前及移植后1、2、4、8周肝功能变化情况,以及临床病情,如腹水变化。结果2组在移植前及移植后1、2、4、8周的肝功能指标,谷丙转氨酶:2组分别由移植前的(35.00±15.22)与(48.00±22.76)IU逐渐降低到移植后8周的(33.53±14.09)与(40.13±31.05)IU;白蛋白:由移植前的(28.90±4.84)与(31.19±5.62)g/L逐渐升高到植后8周的(30.61±5.35)与(32.66±5.7)g/L;总胆红素:由移植前的(52.79±23.73)与(62.35±35.29)μmol/L逐渐降低到移植后8周的(47.50±21.65)与(50.75±34.85)μmol/L。2组间的数据比较无统计学意义(P>0.05)。CBSCT组大量腹水患者11例,治疗后腹水消失6例,明显减少5例;APBSCT大量腹水患者9名,治疗后腹水消失5例,明显减少4例。结论脐血干细胞与自体外周血干细胞移植治疗肝硬化腹水具有相类似的疗效。 Objective To compare the effects of cord blood stem cells and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. Methods Thirty-four patients with chronic severe liver disease with cirrhosis and ascites were divided into CBSCT group (19 cases) and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation group (APB-SCT group). The changes of liver function before transplantation and at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after transplantation were compared between two groups of patients, and clinical conditions, such as changes of ascites. Results The indexes of liver function, alanine aminotransferase (AST) in the two groups before transplantation and at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks after transplantation decreased gradually from (35.00 ± 15.22) and (48.00 ± 22.76) IU before transplantation (33.53 ± 14.09) and (40.13 ± 31.05) IU at 8weeks; albumin increased from 28.90 ± 4.84 and 31.19 ± 5.62g / L before transplantation to 30.61 ± 5.35 ) And (32.66 ± 5.7) g / L respectively. Total bilirubin decreased from (52.79 ± 23.73) and (62.35 ± 35.29) μmol / L before transplantation to (47.50 ± 21.65) and ± 34.85) μmol / L. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P> 0.05). In CBSCT group, 11 patients with large amount of ascites, ascites disappeared in 6 patients after treatment, 5 patients were significantly reduced; 9 patients with large amount of ascites in APBSCT, 5 patients disappeared after treatment and 4 patients were obviously decreased. Conclusion Umbilical cord blood stem cells and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in the treatment of cirrhotic ascites have a similar effect.