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目的了解机车制造企业工人的主要职业性有害因素暴露及其对工人健康的影响。方法选择某机车制造企业焊接作业工人342名作为调查对象,非焊接作业工人95名作为对照组。检测工作场所粉尘、锰、噪声等职业性有害因素暴露水平,调查和收集作业工人作业方式及其呼吸系统、神经系统、听力、血压等健康状况指标。结果机车制造企业存在多种职业性有害因素,焊接作业主要产生粉尘、锰及其无机化合物和噪声,作业场所检测结果超标率分别为23.1%、20.0%及21.4%;健康检查发现,工人肺功能损伤、听力损伤、高血压、心电图异常、慢性鼻炎的发生率分别为9.65%、11.11%、27.19%、7.01%和23.68%。与对照组比较,异常发生率差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论机车制造企业焊接作业职业危害严重,改善作业环境、加强个人防护是降低职业暴露风险的有效措施。
Objective To understand the exposure of major occupational hazards of workers in locomotive manufacturing enterprises and their impact on the health of workers. Methods A total of 342 welding workers in a locomotive manufacturing enterprise were selected as survey subjects and 95 non-welding workers as control group. Detect workplace occupational exposure to dust, manganese, noise and other occupational hazards, investigate and collect homework practices and respiratory, nervous system, hearing, blood pressure and other health indicators. Results Locomotive manufacturing enterprises had various occupational harmful factors. The welding operations mainly produced dust, manganese, inorganic compounds and noise. The over-standard rates of workplace test results were 23.1%, 20.0% and 21.4% respectively. The health examination revealed that the lung function of workers The incidence of injury, hearing loss, hypertension, electrocardiogram abnormalities and chronic rhinitis were 9.65%, 11.11%, 27.19%, 7.01% and 23.68% respectively. Compared with the control group, the difference in the incidence of abnormalities was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion Locomotive manufacturer welding job occupational hazards serious to improve the operating environment and strengthen personal protection is to reduce the occupational exposure risk effective measures.