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通常认为,科学是关于自然与社会发展客观规律的知识体系。技术是人类改造自然的方法和技能,通常体现在生产工具和劳动对象中。科学在其发展的各个阶段,一般都会影响技术和物质生产,但是,这种影响的程度和方式,根据生产水平和社会性质而有很大的不同。从本世纪二、三十年代起,特别是第二次世界大战后,科学与技术日益密切地结合在一起,出现了科学‘技术化’、技术‘科学化’的局面。科学与技术溶合的结果是,研究成果导致新产品和新兴工业部门出现的速度愈来愈快,科学成为直接的生产力。
It is generally accepted that science is a system of knowledge about the objective laws of nature and social development. Technology is the method and skill of mankind to transform nature, usually reflected in the production tools and objects of labor. Science, at all stages of its development, generally affects the production of technology and matter, but the extent and modalities of such effects vary greatly according to the level of production and the nature of society. Since the 1920s and 1930s, and especially after the Second World War, science and technology have been increasingly closely integrated and there has been a situation where science has become more technological and more scientifically oriented. As a result of the convergence of science and technology, the research results have led to faster and faster emergence of new products and emerging industries, and science has become an immediate productivity.