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目的了解2013-2014年广东省惠东县麻疹疫情流行病学特征,为制定麻疹预防控制措施提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法,对惠东县2013-2014年麻疹病例进行分析。结果惠东县2014年麻疹报告发病率分别为21.6/10万、较2013年(26.6/10万)下降18.8%;平山街道、吉隆镇、大岭镇、黄埠镇发病率较高;2013年发病全年呈高度散发状态,高峰为7-8月,冬季仍流行;2014年1月和4-5月呈个高峰,9月以后发病数几乎为零;4岁以下儿童是主要发病人群,以8月龄以下婴幼儿占多数;2013、2014年所有病例中,麻类疫苗免疫史空白分别占76.8%、68.4%,免疫史不详分别占18.9%、26.4%。结论免疫史空白是麻疹高发的重要因素;提高适龄儿童免疫覆盖率、坚持不懈做好麻疹查漏补种工作、预防医院感染等是降低麻疹发病的关键。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles epidemics in Huidong County of Guangdong Province from 2013 to 2014 so as to provide evidence for the development of measles prevention and control measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the measles cases from 2013 to 2014 in Huidong County. Results The incidence of measles in Huidong County in 2014 was 21.6 / 100 000, down 18.8% from 2013 (26.6 / 100000) respectively. The incidence rates of Pingshan Street, Jilong Town, Da Ling Town and Huang Bu Town were high. In 2013 The incidence was highly distributed throughout the year, the peak for July-August, winter is still popular; January 2014 and April-May was a peak, the incidence since September is almost zero; children under the age of 4 is the main incidence of the crowd, The majority of infants under 8 months of age were infants and young children. In all cases between 2013 and 2014, the blank of immunization history of bovine vaccines accounted for 76.8% and 68.4% respectively. The unknown history of immunization was 18.9% and 26.4% respectively. Conclusion Blank history of immunization is an important factor for the high incidence of measles. Improving the immunization coverage of school-age children, persistently doing the work of checking and replanting measles and preventing nosocomial infection are the keys to reduce the incidence of measles.