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情绪失调是孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder，ASD)患者普遍存在的问题，是他们出现多种情绪和行为问题的共同潜在因素，并与一系列负面的心理和身体健康结果有关。对ASD患者情绪调节(emotion regulation，ER)能力进行客观测量并合理的解释具有一定的挑战性。ASD患者往往表现出更强烈的负面情绪反应，ER技能差，较少使用各种适应性ER策略(如认知重评、接纳)，更频繁地使用非适应性策略(如抑制、重复行为)。ASD核心症状与ER损伤及其与功能结局、精神病理学之间的关系复杂，尚需要进一步的研究。ASD患者ER神经机制的研究可以促进不同类型的针对性干预措施的发展。近些年研究表明，包括认知行为治疗和基于正念的ER障碍干预方法对于改善ASD的ER技能方面是可行和有效的。文章强调了ER障碍在ASD中的作用及将ER纳入ASD患者的常规心理健康干预的重要意义。“,”Emotion dysregulation is a common issue experienced by individuals with autism spectrum disorders(ASD). It is a potential common factor for a variety of emotional and behavioral problems, and is associated with a wide range of negative mental and physical health outcomes. It is challenging to objectively measure and reasonably explain the ability of emotion regulation (ER) in individuals with ASD. Children with ASD tended to show stronger negative emotional responses, with poor ER skills, less use of various adaptive ER strategies (such as cognitive reappraisal and acceptance), and more frequent use of maladaptive strategies (such as inhibition and repetitive behaviors). The relationships between the core symptoms of ASD and ER impairments, as well as their relationships with functional outcomes and psychopathology, are complex and need further study. The study of the neural mechanism of emotion regulation in ASD can promote the development of different types of targeted interventions. Preliminary results from pilot studies suggesting that cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based ER interventions are feasible and effective in improving ER skills of individuals with ASD. The studies highlight the role of ER impairments in ASD and the importance of incorporating emotion regulation into routine mental health interventions for children with ASD.