分析了高空核爆炸释放出的各种辐射射线、粒子在大气中的传输情况，讨论了各种射线形成附加电离的物理机制及相应源的；临界高度，给出了瞬发和缓发核辐射在大气中产生电离的计算公式，计算了核爆炸产生的电子密度的时空分布并讨论了其分布特性，最后计算了附加电离区对短波信号的吸收情况。 The radiation and particle emission in high-altitude nuclear explosion were analyzed. The physical mechanism of additional ionization and the corresponding source were discussed. The critical heights of instantaneous and delayed nuclear radiation were given The calculation formula of ionization in the atmosphere is obtained. The space-time distribution of the electron density generated by the nuclear explosion is calculated and its distribution characteristics are discussed. Finally, the absorption of the short-wave signal by the additional ionization zone is calculated.