八旗制度是满族的社会组织形式,最初具有军事、生产和行政三方面的职能,对早期满族社会经济的发展起到了促进作用。努尔哈赤兴起以后,于1601年将征战中所吞并来的女真各部中的自由民“诸申”、“伊尔根”按每三百人编为一个牛录,作为八旗组织的基本户口和军事编制单位。五个牛 The Eight Banners system, a form of social organization of the Manchus, originally had the functions of military, production and administration, and played a catalytic role in the social and economic development of the early Manchu. After the rise of Nurhachu, free citizens “Zhu Shen” and “Ilgen”, which were annexed to the Jurchen units in the campaign in 1601, were compiled into a series of records for every 300 people as the basic account and military establishment of the Banner Organization unit. Five cows